The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research by Baron and Kenny

Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The Moderator–Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological research: ... Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182

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Abstract

In this article, we attempt to distinguish between the properties of moderator and mediator variables at a number of levels. First, we seek to make theorists and researchers aware of the importance of not using the terms moderator and mediator interchangeably by carefully elaborating, both conceptually and strategically, the many ways in which moderators and mediators differ. We then go beyond this largely pedagogical function and delineate the conceptual and strategic implications of making use of such distinctions with regard to a wide range of phenomena, including control and stress, attitudes, and personality traits. We also provide a specific compendium of analytic procedures appropriate for making the most effective use of the moderator and mediator distinction, both separately and in terms of a broader causal system that includes both moderators and mediators.

Summary

• Laid out definition for moderator vs. mediator

• Laid out process (regression driven) to test moderator and mediator effect

Discussion Question

1. How to deal with interpretation in regression?

2. Why is experimental control more important for moderator and construct validity more important for mediator?

3. Should I have a hypothesis in terms of moderator vs. mediator or left it as data driven?