Problematization

Alvesson, M., & Sandberg, J. (2013). Problematization as a methodology for generating research questions. SAGE Publications Ltd, https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781446270035

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Problematization

  • Gap-spotting studies reinforce existing theories, incapable of producing high impact.

  • Genuine problematization is to challenge the assumption of one's own position and generate alternative assumption from there.

  • It requires a dialectical interrogation of home position, other theoretical stances and domain of literature.

  • Example: First scrutinize the way theories have emerged historically and on what assumptions and conditions they rest, then question their underlying assumptions and generate new inquiries.

Five Assumptions Type

  • In-house : exist within a particular school of thought and shared and accepted as unproblematic.

  • Root metaphor: Broader images of a particular subject matter.

  • Paradigm : Ontological, epistemological, and methodological assumptions.

  • Ideology : Political, moral and gender related assumptions

  • Field: Broader set of assumptions about a specific subject matter that are shared by several different school of thoughts.

Methodological Principles for Identifying, Articulating and Challenging Assumptions

  1. Identifying a domain of literture

    • More narrow literature coverage and in-depth compare to gap spotting

    • Focus on path-define studies, authoritative summaries or look at more reent influential pieces

  2. Identifying and articulating the assumptions underlying this domain

    • In-house: scrutinizing internal debates and the interfaces between a specific group of authors

    • Root metaphor: identifying the basic image or metaphor and detecting or producing alternative possible confrontational metaphors

    • Paradigm assumptions: familiar with alternative views

    • Field: look at discussion across different schools that are disagreeing with each other and what they agree on and don't talk about it

  3. Evaluating the assumptions

    • False, misleading, narrow

    • Does not add much intellectual value

    • Practical value of an assumption

  4. Developing an alternative assumption ground

    • Call for a borader overview and a broader set of considerations

    • Some techniques: counter-induction, analogy, making a reversal

    • Alternative should point to a new pathway for theoretical exploration or empirical study

  5. Considering alternative in relation to its audience

  6. Evaluating the alternative assumption ground

    • Is it interesting? Accept some, and challenge some

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